msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2011-09-05 14:12+0600\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):6 msgid "Gentoo Linux Kernel Configuration Guide" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(author:title):8 msgid "Author" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(mail:link):9 msgid "dsd@gentoo.org" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(mail):9 msgid "Daniel Drake" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(author:title):11 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(author:title):14 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(author:title):17 msgid "Contributor" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(mail:link):12 msgid "curtis119@gentoo.org" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(mail):12 msgid "Curtis Napier" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(mail:link):15 msgid "jdr@xemoka.net" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(mail):15 msgid "Justin Robinson" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(mail:link):18 msgid "rane@gentoo.org" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(mail):18 msgid "Łukasz Damentko" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(author:title):20 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(author:title):23 msgid "Editor" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(mail:link):21 msgid "smithj@gentoo.org" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(mail):21 msgid "Jonathan Smith" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(mail:link):24 msgid "nightmorph" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(abstract):27 msgid "This document aims to introduce the concepts of manual kernel configuration, and to detail some of the most common configuration pitfalls." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(version):36 msgid "1.4" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(date):37 msgid "2010-03-21" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):40 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):44 msgid "Gentoo provides two ways for you to handle kernel installation and upgrade: automatic (genkernel), and manual. Although the automatic method can be regarded as easier for the user, there are a number of reasons why a large proportion of Gentoo users choose to configure their kernel manually: greater flexibility, smaller kernel, shorter compilation time, learning experience, severe boredom, etc." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):53 msgid "This guide does not cover the automatic method (genkernel). If you'd prefer to use genkernel to compile and install your kernel, head over to the Genkernel documentation." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):59 msgid "This guide does not attempt to document the manual configuration process from start to finish -- the configuration process relies upon a large degree of common sense, and a relatively high level of technical knowledge about your system. Instead, this document will introduce the concepts of manual configuration and detail the most common pitfalls which users face." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):67 msgid "This document is written with recent kernels in mind, for the most common computer architectures. Some details may differ for older kernels or more exotic architectures, but much of the content will still be relevant." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):73 msgid "At this point, you are assumed to have Linux kernel sources unpacked on your hard disk (usually somewhere under /usr/src), and you are expected to know how to enter the menuconfig configuration utility and move through the menu system. If you are not already at this stage, we do have other documentation available to help you." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):82 msgid "The Kernel Guide lists the various kernel source packages we have available" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):86 msgid "The Kernel Upgrade Guide explains how to upgrade your kernel or switch from one to another." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):90 msgid "The Gentoo Handbook covers some aspects of kernel installation too." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):101 msgid "Configuration Concepts" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):103 msgid "The basics" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):106 msgid "The general process is actually rather simple: you are presented with a series of options, categorised into individual menus and sub-menus, and you select the hardware support and kernel features relevant for your system." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):112 msgid "The kernel includes a default configuration, which is presented to you the first time you run menuconfig on a particular set of sources. The defaults are generally broad and sensible, which means that the majority of users will only have to make a small number of changes to the base config. If you decide to disable an option that was enabled by default, make sure you have a relatively good understanding of exactly what that option does, and the consequences of disabling it." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):122 msgid "If this is your first time configuring a Linux kernel, you should probably aim to be conservative: don't be too adventurous, and aim to make as few modifications to the default settings as possible. At the same time, keep in mind that there are certain parts of the configuration which you absolutely must customise to your system setup to actually allow it to boot!" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):133 msgid "Built-in vs modular" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):136 msgid "Most configuration options are tristate: they can be either not built at all, built directly into your kernel (Y), or built as a module (M). Modules are stored externally on the filesystem, whereas built-in items are built directly into the kernel image itself." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):143 msgid "There is an important difference between built-in and modular: with a few exceptions, the kernel makes no attempt whatsoever to load any external modules when you might need them (it is left up to the user). While certain other parts of the system may have load-on-demand facilities, and there are some automatic module loading utilities available, it is recommended that you build hardware support and kernel features directly into the kernel. The kernel can then ensure the functionality and hardware support is available whenever it needs it." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):154 msgid "Of course, for some parts of the configuration, built-in is an absolute requirement. For example, if your root partition was an ext2 filesystem, your system would not boot if ext2 was built as a module (the system would have to look on the root partition to find the ext2 module, but it cannot look on the root partition unless it already has ext2 support loaded!)." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):165 msgid "Hardware support" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):168 msgid "Beyond detecting the architecture type of your system, the configuration utility makes no attempt to identify which hardware is actually present in your system. While there are default settings for some hardware support, you almost certainly need to find and select the configuration options relevant to your system's hardware configuration." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):176 msgid "This simply requires knowledge of the components inside and connected to your computer, or for you to identify these components. For most internal components, you need to identify the chipset used on each one, rather than the retail product name." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):183 msgid "There are some utilities available that will help you. lspci (part of the sys-apps/pciutils package) will identify your PCI-based and AGP-based hardware, and this includes components built onto the motherboard itself. lsusb (from the sys-apps/usbutils package) will identify devices connected to USB ports." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):191 msgid "The situation is somewhat confused by varying degrees of standardisation in the hardware world. Unless you really deviate from the defaults, your IDE hard disks will \"just work\", as will your PS/2 or USB keyboard and mouse. You'll get basic VGA display support. However, some devices such as ethernet adapters are barely standardised at all, so you'll have to identify the ethernet chipset and select the appropriate hardware support for your specific card to get any network access at all." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):201 msgid "In addition, while some things just-about-work with the default settings, you may need to select more specialised options to get the full potential from your system. For example, if you do not enable the support for the appropriate IDE chipset, your IDE hard disks will run very slowly." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):211 msgid "Kernel features" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):214 msgid "As well as hardware support, you also need to think in terms of the software features you require in your kernel. One important example of such a feature is filesystem support: you need to select support for the filesystems in use on your hard disk, as well as any filesystems you might be using on external storage (e.g. VFAT on USB flash disks)." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):222 msgid "Another common example is advanced network functionality. If you want to do some kind of routing or firewalling, you need to ensure the relevant configuration items are included in your kernel config." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):231 msgid "Ready?" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):234 msgid "Now that we've introduced the concepts, you should be able to start identifying your hardware and browsing through the configuration menus, selecting the required kernel options for your system." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):240 msgid "The rest of this page aims to clear up common areas of confusion, and provide advice for how to avoid common problems which users often run into. Good luck!" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):250 msgid "Common problems and areas of confusion" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):253 msgid "SATA disks are SCSI" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):256 msgid "Most modern desktop systems ship with storage devices (hard disk and CD/DVD drives) on a Serial ATA bus, rather than the older IDE (ribbon cable) bus type." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):264 msgid "SATA support in Linux is implemented in a layer referred to as libata, which sits below the SCSI subsystem. For this reason, SATA drivers are found in the SCSI driver section of the configuration. Additionally, your storage devices will be treated as SCSI devices, which means SCSI disk/cdrom support is required too. Your SATA hard disk will be named as (e.g.) /dev/sda and your SATA CD/DVD drive will be named as (e.g.) /dev/sr0." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):273 msgid "Although the majority of these drivers are for SATA controllers, libata was not designed to be SATA-specific. All common IDE drivers will also be ported to libata in the near future, and at this point, the above considerations will also apply for IDE users." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre:caption):280 msgid "Configuration options for libata" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre):280 #, no-wrap msgid "\nDevice Drivers --->\n SCSI device support --->\n <*> SCSI device support\n <*> SCSI disk support\n <*> SCSI CDROM support\n\n SCSI low-level drivers --->\n <*> Serial ATA (SATA) support\n Select your chipset from the choices listed below the above option\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):295 msgid "IDE chipsets and DMA" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):298 msgid "Despite the introduction of SATA, IDE devices are still very common and depended upon by many. IDE is a fairly generic technology, and as such, Linux supports almost all IDE controllers out-of-the-box without any controller-specific options selected." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):305 msgid "However, IDE is an old technology, and in it's original Programmed Input/Output incarnation, it is unable to provide the transfer rates required for speedy access to modern storage devices. The generic IDE driver is limited to these PIO transfer modes, which result in slow data transfer rates, and significantly high CPU usage while data is being transferred to/from disk." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):313 msgid "Unless you're dealing with a pre-1995 system, your IDE controller will also support an alternative transfer mode, known as Direct Memory Access (DMA). DMA is much much faster, and CPU utilisation is barely affected while data transfers are taking place. If you are suffering from really poor general system performance and you are using an IDE disk, chances are that DMA is not being used." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(note):322 msgid "As mentioned earlier, libata is available even for IDE drives. If you're using libata, then all your drives, including your IDE drives, will be using DMA. There's no need to do any further checking or configuration." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):328 msgid "If you're not using libata for your IDE disks, then you'll need to check for DMA usage and enable it." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre:caption):333 msgid "Checking if DMA is enabled on your IDE disk" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre):333 #, no-wrap msgid "\n# hdparm -d /dev/hda\n\n/dev/hda:\n using_dma = 0 (off)\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):340 msgid "To enable DMA on your IDE devices, you simply need to enable the configuration option for your IDE controller." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre:caption):345 msgid "Configuration options for IDE controllers" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre):345 #, no-wrap msgid "\nDevice Drivers --->\n ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support --->\n <*> ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support\n <*> Enhanced IDE/MFM/RLL disk/cdrom/tape/floppy support\n [*] PCI IDE chipset support\n Select your chipset from the choices listed below the above option\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):357 msgid "USB Host Controllers" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):360 msgid "USB is a widely adopted bus for connecting external peripherals to your computer. One of the reasons behind the success of USB is that it is a standardised protocol, however the USB host controller devices (HCDs) implemented on the host computer do vary a little. There are 3 main types:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):369 msgid "UHCI is the Universal Host Controller Interface. It supports USB 1.1, and is usually found on motherboards based on a VIA or Intel chipset." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):373 msgid "OHCI is the Open Host Controller Interface. It supports USB 1.1 and is usually found on motherboards based on an Nvidia or SiS chipset." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):377 msgid "EHCI is the Extended Host Controller Interface. It is the only common host controller to support USB 2.0, and can typically be found on any computer that supports USB 2.0." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):384 msgid "Most systems will come with two of the above interface types: EHCI (USB 2.0), plus either UHCI or OHCI (USB 1.1). It is important that you select both types present on your system. While all USB 2.0 devices are backwards compatible with USB 1.1, a large proportion of USB devices (even the ones being manufactured today) are based on the USB 1.1 interface - why would a USB mouse need more than 1.5mbit/sec?" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):393 msgid "If you do not select the relevant options corresponding to the USB HCD types present on your system, you may experience 'dead' USB ports: you plug a device in, but it does not get power or respond in any way." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):399 msgid "A neat lspci trick (from the sys-apps/pciutils package) makes it relatively easy to detect which HCDs are present in your system. Ignoring the FireWire controller which was also matched, it is easy to spot that my system requires OHCI and EHCI support:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre:caption):406 msgid "Using lspci to detect HCD type" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre):406 #, no-wrap msgid "\n# lspci -v | grep HCI\n00:02.0 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation CK804 USB Controller (rev a2) (prog-if 10 [OHCI])\n00:02.1 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation CK804 USB Controller (rev a3) (prog-if 20 [EHCI])\n01:0b.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): Agere Systems FW323 (rev 61) (prog-if 10 [OHCI])\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre:caption):413 msgid "Configuration for USB HCDs" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre):413 #, no-wrap msgid "\nDevice Drivers --->\n USB support --->\n <*> Support for Host-side USB\n --- USB Host Controller Drivers\n <*> EHCI HCD (USB 2.0) support\n <*> OHCI HCD support\n <*> UHCI HCD (most Intel and VIA) support\n Select the HCDs present on your system, or all 3 if you are unsure.\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):427 msgid "Multiprocessor, Hyper-Threading and Dual Core systems" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):430 msgid "Many computer systems are based on multiple processors, but not always in immediately obvious ways." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):436 msgid "Many of Intel's CPUs support a technology which they call hyper-threading, which is where the CPU is actually viewed by the system as two logical processors." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):442 msgid "Some of the most recent Intel/AMD CPUs actually consist of multiple physical processors inside a single package, these are known as dual core processors." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):447 msgid "Some high-end computer systems actually have multiple physical processors installed on specialised motherboards to provide a significant performance increase over a uniprocessor system. You'll probably know if you have such a system, since they aren't cheap." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):455 msgid "In all of these cases, you need to select the appropriate kernel options to obtain optimum performance from these setups." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre:caption):460 msgid "Configuration for multi-processing" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre):460 #, no-wrap msgid "\nProcessor type and features --->\n [*] Symmetric multi-processing support\n Select the above option if you are on a multi-processor system (of any type)\n [*] SMT (Hyperthreading) scheduler support\n Select the above option if you are on an Intel Hyper-Threading CPU\n [*] Multi-core scheduler support (NEW)\n Select the above option if your CPU is dual core\nPower management and ACPI options --->\n [*] ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) Support\n The above option not only enables power management features, but might\n also be a requirement for making all CPUs available to your system\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):477 msgid "x86 High Memory support" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):480 msgid "Due to limitations in the 32-bit address space of the x86 architecture, a kernel with default configuration can only support up to 896mb RAM. If your system has more memory, only the first 896mb will be visible, unless you enable high memory support." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(note):487 msgid "This limitation is specific to the x86 (IA32) architecture. Other architectures naturally support large amounts of memory, with no configuration tweaks required." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):493 msgid "High memory support is not enabled by default, because it introduces a small system overhead. Do not be distracted by this, the overhead is insignificant when compared to the performance increase of having more memory available!" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre:caption):499 msgid "Enabling high memory support on x86" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre):499 #, no-wrap msgid "\nProcessor type and features --->\n High Memory Support --->\n (X) 4GB\n ( ) 64GB\n Choose the 4GB option, unless your system has more than 4GB of RAM.\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):512 msgid "Other kernel configuration documentation" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):516 msgid "So far, we have only discussed general concepts and specific problems related to kernel configuration, without going into any precise details (such details are for you to discover!). However, other parts of the Gentoo documentation collection provide specialised details for the topics at hand." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):523 msgid "You may find these documents helpful while configuring those specific areas, but if you are new to kernel configuration, don't be too adventurous. Start by getting a basic system up and running, you can always come back later to add support for your audio, printing, etc." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):531 msgid "The ALSA Guide details the configuration options required for sound card support. Note that ALSA is one exception to the suggested scheme of not building things as modules: ALSA is actually much easier to configure when the components are modular." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):537 msgid "The Bluetooth Guide details the options you need in order to use bluetooth devices on your system." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):541 msgid "The IPv6 Router Guide describes how to configure your kernel for routing using the next generation network addressing scheme." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):546 msgid "If you will be using the closed-source nVidia graphics drivers for improved 3D graphics performance, the nVidia Guide lists the options that should and should not be selected on such a system." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):552 msgid "Amongst other things, the Power Management Guide explains how to configure your kernel for CPU frequency scaling, and for suspend and hibernate functionality." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):558 msgid "If you are running a PowerPC system, the PPC FAQ has a few sections about kernel configuration." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):563 msgid "The Printing HOWTO lists the kernel options needed to support printing in Linux." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(li):567 msgid "The USB Guide details the configuration required to use common USB devices such as keyboards/mice, storage devices, and printers." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):579 msgid "Troubleshooting" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):581 msgid "Configuration changes do not take effect" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):584 msgid "It is very common for users to make a configuration change, but then make a small mistake in the process following on from that point. They reboot into a kernel image that is not the one they just reconfigured, observe that whatever problem they were trying to solve is still present, and conclude that the configuration change does not solve the problem." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):592 msgid "The process of compiling and installing kernels is outside the scope of this document, you should refer to the Kernel Upgrade Guide for general guidance. In short, the process is: configure, compile, mount /boot (if not already mounted), copy new kernel image over, reboot. If you miss out any of those final stages, your changes will not take effect!" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):601 msgid "It is possible to verify if the kernel you are booted from matches the kernel compiled on your hard disk by examining the date and time of compilation. Assuming your architecture is x86 and your kernel sources are installed at /usr/src/linux:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre:caption):608 msgid "Verifying you are booted from your modified kernel" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(pre):608 #, no-wrap msgid "\n# uname -v\n#4 SMP PREEMPT Sat Jul 15 08:49:26 BST 2006\nThe above command displays the date and time that the kernel you are currently booted from was compiled.\n\n# ls -l /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage\n-rw-r--r-- 1 dsd users 1504118 Jul 15 08:49 /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage\nThe above command displays the date and time that the kernel image on your hard disk was last compiled.\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):618 msgid "If the two times from the above commands differ by more than 2 minutes, it indicates that you have made a mistake during kernel reinstallation and you are not booted from the kernel image that you thought you were!" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(title):627 msgid "Modules do not get loaded automatically" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):630 msgid "As mentioned earlier in this document, the kernel configuration system hides a large behavioural change when selecting a kernel component as a module (M) rather than built-in (Y). It is worth repeating this again because so many users fall into this trap." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):637 msgid "When you select a component as built-in, the code is built into the kernel image (bzImage). When the kernel needs to use that component, it can initialise and load it automatically, without any user intervention." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):643 msgid "When you select a component as a module, the code is built into a kernel module file and installed on your filesystem. In general, when the kernel needs to use that component, it can't! With some exceptions, the kernel makes no effort to actually load these modules - this task is left up to the user." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):650 msgid "So, if you build support for your network card as a module, and you then find that you cannot access your network, it is probably because the module is not loaded - you must either do this manually or configure your system to autoload it at boot time." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(p):657 msgid "Unless you have reasons to do otherwise, save yourself some time by building these components directly into the kernel image, so that the kernel can automatically set these things up for you." msgstr "" #. Place here names of translator, one per line. Format should be NAME; ROLE; E-MAIL #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//kernel-config.xml(None):0 msgid "translator-credits" msgstr ""