--- Lib/distutils/tests/test_build_py.py
+++ Lib/distutils/tests/test_build_py.py
@@ -92,6 +92,25 @@
             os.chdir(cwd)
             sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
 
+    def test_dont_write_bytecode(self):
+        # makes sure byte_compile is not used
+        pkg_dir, dist = self.create_dist()
+        cmd = build_py(dist)
+        cmd.compile = 1
+        cmd.optimize = 1
+
+        old_dont_write_bytecode = os.environ.get("PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE")
+        os.environ["PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE"] = "1"
+        try:
+            cmd.byte_compile([])
+        finally:
+            if old_dont_write_bytecode is None:
+                del os.environ["PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE"]
+            else:
+                os.environ["PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE"] = old_dont_write_bytecode
+
+        self.assertTrue('byte-compiling is disabled' in self.logs[0][1])
+
 def test_suite():
     return unittest.makeSuite(BuildPyTestCase)
 
--- Lib/distutils/util.py
+++ Lib/distutils/util.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 from distutils.dep_util import newer
 from distutils.spawn import spawn
 from distutils import log
+from distutils.errors import DistutilsByteCompileError
 
 def get_platform ():
     """Return a string that identifies the current platform.  This is used
@@ -397,6 +398,9 @@
     generated in indirect mode; unless you know what you're doing, leave
     it set to None.
     """
+    # nothing is done if PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE environment variable is set
+    if os.environ.get("PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE") is not None:
+        raise DistutilsByteCompileError('byte-compiling is disabled.')
 
     # First, if the caller didn't force us into direct or indirect mode,
     # figure out which mode we should be in.  We take a conservative